Cytoplasmic dna sensing
WebOct 19, 2010 · Innate immune responses to pathogens are often triggered by nucleic acids, including DNA delivered to the cytoplasm of cells. IFI16 is a newly identified cytoplasmic DNA sensor that induces the ... WebAug 21, 2024 · Length-dependent sensing of cytoplasmic DNA by cGAS. (1) Different types of DNAs are presented, ordered according to the predicted sensitivity of cGAS to these molecules 1 3 8 (note: a concurrent analysis of these DNA forms has not been performed to date). Short dsDNAs are ~45–70 bp long 1, with the 45-bp ISD (interferon …
Cytoplasmic dna sensing
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WebJul 11, 2024 · Unlike fertilization, when nucleosome-free sperm DNA is rapidly chromatinized in egg cytoplasm, in somatic cells invading pathogenic DNA is sensed by pattern-recognition receptors such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) (Chen et al., 2016, Sun et al., 2013) (Figure 1). WebDec 20, 2012 · Recognition of foreign DNA in intracellular compartments or in the cytoplasm sounds an alarm bell signaling pathogenic invasion. In response, innate immune DNA-sensing pathways launch an antimicrobial type I interferon (IFN) response, which becomes damaging to the host if unregulated or inappropriately activated by self …
WebNational Center for Biotechnology Information WebMay 5, 2013 · Interestingly, the authors found that in a cell type with limited basal IFI16 expression, DDX41 seemed to be the initial sensor of cytoplasmic DNA, inducing IFN and subsequent IFI16 expression, the latter serving as an amplifier of innate responses (Zhang et al., 2011b). Thus, data from studies involving IFI16 and DDX41 suggest that the …
WebThe second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. WebMar 26, 2024 · Pharmaceutical inhibition of autophagosome formation induced cytoplasmic DNA accumulation, eventually triggering cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways to exert cytotoxicity, preferentially in leukemia cells. Thus, manipulation of cytoplasmic dsDNA dynamics can be a novel and potent therapeutic strategy for myeloid leukemias.
WebCyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a major cytoplasmic DNA sensor in various types of cells that detect either invaded foreign DNA or aberrantly located self-DNA. Upon …
WebJul 11, 2024 · Pathogenic and other cytoplasmic DNAs activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to induce inflammation via transcriptional activation by IRF3 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but the functional consequences of exposing cGAS to chromosomes upon mitotic n … sympathetic and parasympathetic eyeWebMar 26, 2024 · Moreover, cytoplasmic DNA can trigger DNA sensing pathway-mediated cytotoxicity in leukemia cells upon its accumulation. This accumulation arises from the inhibition of its... sympathetic and parasympathetic effects chartWebBernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is an autosomal-recessive bleeding disorder caused by biallelic variants in the GP1BA, GP1BB, and GP9 genes encoding the subunits GPIbα, GPIbβ, and GPIX of the GPIb-IX complex. Pathogenic variants usually affect the extracellular or transmembrane domains of the receptor subunits. We investigated a … sympathetic and empathetic personWebJun 12, 2024 · The release of DNA into the cytoplasm upon damage to the nucleus or during viral infection triggers an interferon-mediated defense response, inflammation and cell death. In human cells cytoplasmic DNA is sensed by cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) and Absent In Melanoma 2 (AIM2). Here, we report the identification of a “natural … thaddeus thawne iiWebOct 1, 2024 · Cytoplasmic DNA and cytoplasmic DNA-sensing adapter STING play key parts in aortic degeneration by promoting smooth muscle cell damage, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in macrophages ... sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve pathwayWebThe cGAS/STING pathway is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, and activation of the cGAS/STING pathway leads to two independent downstream pathways: type I IFNs … thaddeus thawne inertiaWebMay 5, 2013 · The cytosolic DNA sensing pathways are also likely to feature given the link between TREX1 and autoimmune disease: Lack of TREX1 causes cytosolic … thaddeus the horse